Stented prosthetic heart valve

ABSTRACT

A stented prosthetic heart valve including a stent assembly, a leaflet assembly, and mounting members. The stent assembly includes a stent post frame, a stent post frame covering, and a base frame. The stent post frame includes a continuous rail forming a closed-curved shape defining a longitudinal axis, and a plurality of circumferentially-spaced posts projecting from cusp segments in a direction of the longitudinal axis. The cloth covering encompasses the rail. The base frame supports the cusp segments. The valve leaflet assembly is attached to the stent assembly, and includes a leaflet clamped between one of the cusp segments and the base frame. The mounting members each directly pass through the stent post frame cloth covering, the first leaflet and the base frame. The rail can have a constant cross-sectional shape with a major axis dimension that is greater than a minor axis dimension.

BACKGROUND

The present disclosure relates to implantable prosthetic heart valves. More particularly, it relates to prosthetic heart valves incorporating a stent and methods of manufacture thereof.

Various types and configurations of prosthetic heart valves are used to replace diseased natural human heart valves. The actual shape and configuration of any particularly prosthetic heart valve is dependent to some extent upon the valve being replaced (i.e., mitral valve, tricuspid valve, aortic valve, or pulmonary valve). In general, the prosthetic heart valve designs attempt to replicate the function of the valve being replaced and thus will include valve leaflet-like structures used with either bioprosthesis or mechanical heart valves prosthesis.

As used throughout the specification, a “prosthetic heart valve” is intended to encompass bioprosthetic heart valves having leaflets made of a biological material (e.g., harvested porcine valve leaflets, or bovine or equine pericardial leaflets), along with synthetic leaflet materials or other materials. Bioprosthetic valves are divided into two broadly defined classes; namely, stentless and stented prosthetic heart valves. Stentless bioprosthetic heart valves do not have a support frame. Rather, the biological valve member is sutured to a flexible cloth material. The hemodynamics of a stentless valve may more closely approximate that of a natural heart valve. A drawback of a stentless valve, however, is that it is more difficult to implant into the patient than a stented valve. Furthermore, a stentless valve can be collapsed and deformed by the action of the heart because it has no support structure. The action of the heart muscles on this type of valve can fold the valve material and create unexpected stress risers that can eventually lead to failure.

Stented bioprosthetic heart valves have a frame (or stent) to which the biological valve material is attached. The biological valve members are sutured to the stent that provides support for the valve member in the patient's body. The stent prevents the biological valve members from collapsing and simplifies the insertion of the valve into the annulus of the patient after excision of the diseased valve. The stented bioprosthetic valve imitates the natural action of heart valves and provides a structure that is relatively compatible with the cardiovascular system. Stented prosthetic heart valves are believed to have important clinical advantages over mechanical or non-tissue prosthetic valves.

Known stent constructions for stented bioprosthetic heart valves comprise two or three support structures, commonly referred to as stent posts or commissure posts, projecting from a base frame or ring. The stent or commissure posts define the juncture between adjacent tissue or synthetic leaflets otherwise secured thereto, and are typically linear in projection from the base frame. With some stent configurations, the stent posts are provided by a stent post frame that in turn is assembled to the base frame, with the two components collectively providing the completed stent. The shape of the stent post frame is generated by a continuous support rail or wire (sometimes referred to as a “wireform.”) that is made of either a steel alloy or thermoplastic material, and a plastic wall. The support rail typically is circular in cross-section, and formats the stent post frame shape to interpose the stent posts between lower cusp portions. The base frame generally conforms to the shape of the stent post frame for attachment to the cusp portions, and provides rigid support in the lateral direction. A covering of porous biocompatible cloth is fitted about the stent, completely enclosing the stent post frame and the base frame. The cloth cover provides a sewing attachment point for the leaflet commissures and cusps. In some constructions, a cloth-covered suture ring or sewing cuff can be attached to the cloth-covered stent for sewing of the prosthetic valve within the patient's heart.

Most currently-available prosthetic heart valve stents (and in particular the stent post frame thereof) are geometrically formed from a devolved cylinder. That is to say, a right circular cylinder cut in such a way as to have a plurality of stent post tips adjacent to some parabolic/elliptic scallops, forming the leaflet attachment or margin of attachment. As a consequence of this design, the cross-section of any horizontal plane changes from right rectangular to arc-like, resulting in a very high non-linear increase in cross-sectional inertia as well as eccentricity of the neutral axis from the stent post tip to the cusp of the leaflet. The structural implications of this are two-fold. Firstly, there is considerably more radial rigidity in the lower sections of the stent as compared to the upper sections, and as a direct consequence of the rigidity and neutral axis eccentricity, the lower sections will be considerably more stressed than the upper sections. This structural configuration also represents a challenge for the leaflets, as the top of the stent post frame is allowed to deflect more radially than the base, and as a result the leaflets have a very non-linear distribution of radial deflection, and hence demand, from the stent post downwardly.

The manner in which the stent post frame is attached to the base frame, as well as attachment of the leaflets to the collective stent, can also problematically affect responsiveness of the stented prosthetic heart valve to various forces following implant. For example, if the stent post frame is rigidly connected to, and thus rigidly constrained by, the base frame, a considerable concentration of demand is exerted at the junction of the stent post frame with the base frame.

In light of the above, a need exists for stented prosthetic heart valve exhibiting uniform stress demand and a smooth, continuous bend of the linear stent post.

SUMMARY

Some aspects of the present disclosure relate to a stented prosthetic heart valve including a stent assembly, a valve leaflet assembly, and a plurality of mounting members. The stent assembly includes a stent post frame, a stent post frame cloth covering, and a base frame. The stent post frame includes a continuous rail forming a closed-curved shape defining a central longitudinal axis, and a plurality of circumferentially spaced posts projecting from, and interposed between, cusp segments in a direction of the longitudinal axis. The stent post frame cloth covering encompasses the stent post frame. The base frame is configured to support the cusp segments of the stent post frame, and is connected to the stent post frame via the mounting members. The valve leaflet assembly is attached to the stent assembly, and includes a first leaflet clamped between a first one of the cusp segments and the base frame. The mounting members secure the first leaflet to the stent assembly, each passing directly through the stent post frame cloth covering, the first leaflet and the base frame. In some embodiments, the mounting members are sutures. In other embodiments, the base frame includes a hub and a support wall projecting transversely outwardly from the hub. The support wall defines a plurality of holes for receiving respective ones of mounting members.

In other embodiments, each of the posts is defined by spaced apart leg portions extending from corresponding ones of the cusp segments and intersecting at a tip opposite the cusp segments. Further, the rail has a constant cross-sectional shape along at least the posts, with the cross-sectional shape defining a major axis dimension that is greater than a minor axis dimension. With these constructions, the bending inertia and rigidity of the stent assembly is generally uniform at all locations, promoting a linear deflection response in the posts. In related embodiments, the shape of the stent post frame effectuates a rotation of approximately 90 degrees of the minor axis dimension relative to a plane radially normal to the central longitudinal axis in transitioning from each of the leg portions to the corresponding tip.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a portion of a stented prosthetic heart valve in accordance with principles of the present disclosure;

FIG. 2A is a perspective view of a stent post frame component of the prosthetic heart valve of FIG. 1;

FIG. 2B is a side view of the stent post frame of FIG. 2A;

FIG. 2C is another side view of the stent post frame of FIG. 2A from a perspective differing from that of the view of FIG. 2B;

FIG. 2D is a top view of the stent post frame of FIG. 2A;

FIG. 3A is an enlarged, cross-sectional view of a portion of the stent post frame of FIG. 2A;

FIG. 3B is a simplified cross-sectional view of a rail component of another embodiment stent post frame in accordance with principles of the present disclosure;

FIG. 4A is a cross-sectional view of the stent post frame of FIG. 2A along a plane perpendicular to a central longitudinal axis of the stent post frame;

FIG. 4B is a cross-section view of the stent post frame of FIG. 2A along a plane normal to the central longitudinal axis of the stent post frame;

FIG. 5 is a perspective view of the stent post frame of FIG. 2A and illustrating deflection and inertia response characteristics;

FIG. 6A is a perspective view of another stent post frame useful with the stented prosthetic heart valve of FIG. 1;

FIG. 6B is a perspective view of another stent post frame useful with the stented prosthetic heart valve of FIG. 1;

FIG. 6C is a perspective view of another stent post frame useful with the stented prosthetic heart valve of FIG. 1;

FIG. 7 is a simplified, cross-sectional view of a portion of a stent assembly of the prosthetic heart valve of FIG. 1, including a stent post frame and a stent post frame covering;

FIG. 8A is a perspective view of a base frame component of the prosthetic heart valve of FIG. 1;

FIG. 8B is a side view of the base frame of FIG. 8A;

FIG. 9 is a simplified, cross-sectional view of a portion of the stented prosthetic heart valve of FIG. 1 upon final assembly; and

FIG. 10 is a cross-section view of a portion of the prosthetic heart valve of FIG. 1 and illustrating linear deflection of a stent post.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

One embodiment of a stented prosthetic heart valve 20 in accordance with principles of the present disclosure is shown in FIG. 1. The prosthetic heart valve 20 includes a stent assembly 22 and a biological valve leaflet assembly 24. The stent assembly 22 includes a stent post frame 26 and a base frame 28. The stent post frame 26 and the base frame 28 are each covered by a separate cloth covering (omitted from the view of FIG. 1 for ease of illustration) such that the cloth covered stent post frame 26 and the cloth covered base frame 28 collectively define the stent assembly 22. The valve leaflet assembly 24 can assume various forms, and generally includes tissue or synthetic leaflets 30-34 that are integrally attached to the stent assembly 22. The leaflets 30-34 converge axially along commissures 36. Although in the embodiment illustrated the prosthetic heart valve 20 has three of the leaflets 30-34 and three of the commissures 36, it should be understood that the concepts disclosed herein will be equally applicable to a valve having two, or more than three, of the leaflets 30-34 (and corresponding number of the commissures 36). A suture or sewing ring (not shown) is optionally provided and attaches around the outside of the base frame 28. Where provided, the sewing ring serves as a platform through which attachment structures (e.g., sutures, staples, clips, etc.) may be passed to hold the prosthetic heart valve 20 in place within the body.

The stent post frame 26 is defined by or includes a continuous rail 40. In an exemplary construction of the prosthetic heart valve 20, the peripheral edges of the leaflets 30-34 are directly connected to the rail 40 (via the covering (not shown) surrounding the rail 40), and therefore the rail 40 defines the shape of the flow orifice and the three-dimensional support structure for the leaflets 30-34. Further, a contour of the rail 40 defines the leaflet axial dimension and thus deflection of the commissures 36.

With the above in mind, one embodiment of the stent post frame 26 in accordance with principles of the present disclosure is shown in isolation in FIGS. 2A-2D. The rail 40 is a continuous member forming a closed-curve shape (or “wireform shape”). In general terms, the closed-curve shape of the stent post frame 26 is generally annular, and defines a central longitudinal axis L_(A). Further, the stent post frame 26 defines or forms alternating, circumferentially-spaced stent or commissure posts 52 a, 52 b, 52 c and lower or cusp segments 54 a, 54 b, 54 c. The stent posts 52 a-52 c can be identical and each comprise relatively narrow portions extending from adjacent ones of the cusp segments 54 a-54 c in a direction of the longitudinal axis L_(A) and terminating in a closed, slightly arcuate tip 56 a-56 c longitudinally opposite the cusp segments 54 a-54 c. Each of the stent posts 52 a-52 c is defined by spaced apart leg portions or cantilevers 58 a, 58 b each extending from a corresponding one of the cusp segments 54 a-54 c and intersecting at the corresponding tip 56 a-56 c. As best reflected in FIGS. 2C and 2D, the stent posts 52 a-52 c can generally follow the circular shape collectively defined by the cusp segments 54 a-54 c and are substantially linear (e.g., within 5% of a truly linear arrangement). In other embodiments, the stent posts 52 a-52 c can extend at an angle for rake angle) slightly radially inwardly from the adjacent cusp segments 54 a-54 c to the corresponding tip 56 a-56 c so that the stent post frame 26 defines an approximately conical shape. The cusp segments 54 a-54 c are continuously curved and have relatively large radii. As best reflected by FIGS. 2A and 2B, the continuously-curved nature of the cusp segments 54 a-54 c can include a curvature in the longitudinal direction. For example, each of the cusp segments 54 a-54 c has a convex curved shape parallel to the longitudinal axis L_(A) in extension between the corresponding stent posts 52 a-52 c, centered about a center point 60 defined along each of the cusp segments 54 a-54 c.

The rail 40 has, in some embodiments, a uniform cross-sectional shape along at least the stent posts 52 a-52 c, and optionally along an entirety of the stent post frame 26. With additional reference to FIG. 3A, the cross-sectional shape of the rail 40 defines a major axis A_(A) and a minor axis I_(A). The major axis dimension of the cross-sectional shape, D_(A), is greater than the minor axis dimension D_(I). For example, the uniform cross-sectional shape of the rail 40 can be rectangular as shown. The rectangular cross-sectional shape is arranged radially normal to the central longitudinal axis L_(A), and is exactly the same from the tips 56 a-56 c at least to the cusp segments 54 a-54 c in some embodiments. This arrangement better ensures that bending inertia and rigidity of the stent post frame 26 is the same at all sections, thus allowing for a linear deflection response in each of the stent posts 52 a-52 c. A wide variety of other cross-sectional shapes having a major axis dimension D_(A) greater than a minor axis dimension D_(I) are also envisioned by the present disclosure. For example, the cross-sectional shape of the rail 40 can be an oval as shown in FIG. 3B. Other cross-sectional shapes such as parallelograms, irregular shapes, etc., are also acceptable. However, rails in accordance with the present disclosure do not have a cross-sectional shape that is a circle or square.

Returning to FIG. 2A, although the cross-sectional shape of the rail 40 is constant along an entirety of the at least the stent posts 52 a-52 c, a spatial arrangement of the major and minor axis dimensions D_(A), D_(I) (FIG. 3A) is not constant. More particularly, the cross-sectional shape of the rail 40 is rotated approximately 90 degrees (e.g., plus or minus 5 degrees) along each of the stent posts 52 a-52 c at the corresponding tips 56 a-56 c, and from the stent posts 52 a-52 c to each of the cusp segments 54 a-54 c to keep the minor axis dimension D_(I) perpendicular to the margin of attachment to the base frame 28 (FIG. 1). For example, FIG. 4A illustrates a cross-section of the stent post frame 26 in a plane perpendicular to the longitudinal axis L_(A) and passing through each of the stent posts 52 a-52 c (referenced generally). The major and minor axes A_(A), I_(A) of the rail 40 cross-sectional shape are identified along the first stent post 52 a. The cross-sectional shape of the rail 40 along the legs 58 a, 58 b arranges the minor axis I_(A) to be essentially tangential to the longitudinal axis L_(A), and the major axis A_(A) to be essentially perpendicular to the longitudinal axis L_(A). FIG. 4B illustrates a cross-section of the stent post frame 26 is a plane normal or parallel to the longitudinal axis L_(A) and passing through the tip 56 a of one of the stent posts 52 a and through one of the corresponding cusp segments 54 b. A comparison of FIGS. 4A and 4B reveals that the approximately 90 degree turn at the tip 56 a spatially arranges the cross-sectional shape of the rail 40 such that the minor axis I_(A) is approximately parallel to the longitudinal axis L_(A), while the major axis A_(A) remains essentially perpendicular to the longitudinal axis I_(A). Further, at the cusp segment 54 b, the minor axis I_(A) is essentially perpendicular to the longitudinal axis L_(A).

With the above construction, the stent post frame 26 responds to applied forces by bending as a “wish bone” whereby the stent posts 52 a-52 c bend linearly at and adjacent the corresponding tips 56 a-56 c; the rail 40 exhibits a combined flexural and torsional response at the cusp segments 54 a-54 c and along the stent posts 52 a-52 c in a region immediately adjacent the cusp segments 54 a-54 c. The level of resistance to torque increases from the stent posts 52 a-52 c to the center point 60 of each of the cusp segments 54 a-54 c. These differing deflection and bending responses are identified by arrows in the view of FIG. 5, with a length of each arrow reflecting a magnitude of free movement. An inner gap 70 between the two vertical leg portions or cantilevers 58 a, 58 b of each of the stent posts 52 a-52 c acts to increase the circumferential stiffness of the stent post frame 26. In other embodiments, this circumferential stiffness can be further increased by raking the leg portions 58 a, 58 b in a direction of the base frame 28 (FIG. 1). However, because the leg portions 58 a, 58 b are stitched together and the gap 70 filled by tissue/fabric, lateral rigidity is provided as in-plane shear strength through the corresponding tip 56 a-56 c; thus, a significant rake angle is not necessary in some embodiments.

Returning to FIG. 4B, in addition to promoting a desired bending response along an entirety of the stent post frame 26, the spatial arrangement of the rail 40 cross-sectional shape along the cusp segments 54 a-54 c promotes interface with the base frame 28 (FIG. 1). By arranging the cross-sectional shape of the rail 40 along the cusp segments 54 a-54 c as described above, the major axis A_(A) is parallel with the zone of attachment to the base frame 28, with the major axis dimension D_(A) (FIG. 3A) providing a substantive surface area interface with the base frame 28. Stated otherwise, the minor axis dimension D_(I) (FIG. 3A) is held substantially perpendicular to the margin of attachment to the base frame 28.

The stent post frame 26 described above is but one embodiment envisioned by the present disclosure. For example, FIG. 6A illustrates another embodiment stent post frame 100 useful with the stented prosthetic heart valves of the present disclosure. The sent post frame 100 is akin to the stent post frame 26 (FIG. 2A), and has a continuous, closed-curve shape generated by a rail 104. The closed-curve shape includes three (optionally two) stent posts 106 a-106 c interposed between cusp segments 108 a-108 c. As compared to the stent post frame 26 of previous embodiments, the rail 104 has a more flattened rectangular shape in cross-section, with the cross-sectional shape being uniform or constant along an entirety of the stent post frame 100 (but exhibiting the approximately 90 degree turn (e.g., within 5 degrees of a truly 90 degree turn) at a corresponding tip 110 a-110 c of each of the stent posts 106 a-106 c). Further, the cusp segments 108 a-108 c collectively define an elevated diameter.

Another embodiment stent post frame 150 useful with the stented prosthetic heart valves of the present disclosure is shown in FIG. 6B. The stent post frame 150 is akin to previous embodiments, and has a continuous, closed-curve shape generated by a rail 154. The closed-curve shape includes three (optionally two) stent posts 156 a-156 c interposed between cups segments 158 a-158 c. The rail 154 again has a uniform cross-sectional shape along at least the stent posts 156 a-156 c, with the cross-sectional shape being non-circular and non-square (e.g., a simple rectangle), and exhibits the approximately 90 degree turn at a corresponding tip 160 a-160 c of each of the stent posts 156 a-156 c, and at a transition from the stent posts 156 a-156 c to the cusp segments 158 a-158 c as described above. The uniform or constant cross-sectional shape of the rail 154 continues along at least a portion of each of the cusp segments 158 a-158 c in extension from the corresponding stent posts 156 a-156 c. However, a flange 162 (identified for the first cusp segment 158 a in FIG. 6B) is formed by the rail 154 along a central portion each of the cusp segments 158 a-158 c as a radially outward increase in the major axis dimension. The flange 162 provides increased surface area for attachment to the base frame 28 (FIG. 1). A circumferential length of the flange 162 can vary from that illustrated, as exhibited by a comparison of the stent post frame 150 of FIG. 6B with the alternative stent post frame 180 of FIG. 6C. As clarified by FIGS. 6B and 6C, in some embodiments the rails of the present disclosure can have a varying cross-sectional shape, for example along the cusp segments 158 a-158 c.

Returning to FIG. 2A, regardless of an exact shape of the stent post frame 26, in some embodiments the rail 40 is a molded plastic body, such as a single injection molded polyether ether ketone (PEEK) substrate. Other biocompatible polymers and manufacturing techniques (e.g., machining) are also envisioned. In yet other embodiments, the rail 40 can be formed of a metal or metal alloy.

As mentioned above, stent post frame 26 is enveloped by a cloth covering. FIG. 7 provides a simplified illustration of one embodiment of a stent covering 200 surrounding the rail 40. The stent covering 200 can have a tubular or folded shape, and generally mimics the cross-sectional shape of the rail 40. In this regard, the stent covering 200 is assembled to or formed about the rail 40 so as to define a flange region 202. The flange region 202 represents an enlarged surface area of the stent covering 200 along the major axis A_(A), and is located at the “exterior” side (radially outward side) of the stent post frame 26. In other words, and with additional reference to FIG. 2A, the flange region 202 is located radially opposite the longitudinal axis L_(A), and provides an enlarged area for connection with the base frame 28 (FIG. 1) as described below. Regardless, the stent covering 200 can be formatted and assembled to the stent post frame 26 such that the stent covering 200 can freely rotate about the rail 40.

Returning to FIG. 1, the base frame 28 is generally configured to support the stent post frame 26. One embodiment of the base frame 28 is shown in greater detail in FIGS. 8A and 8B, and includes a hub 250, a support wall 252, and a lower flange 254. The hub 250 has a generally ring-like shape, mimicking the size, shape, and contours of the wireform 50 (FIG. 2A). Thus, a shape of the hub 250 generally follows the curvature of the cusp segments 54 a-54 c (FIG. 2A), and includes raised regions 256 that generally correspond to the stent posts 52 a-52 c (FIG. 2A).

The support wall 252 projects transversely outwardly from the hub 250 opposite the lower flange 254, and provides a smooth engagement face 258 having an enhanced surface area for connection to other components. In this regard, the support wall 252 can incorporate various connection features, such as pre-formed suture holes 260, which promote robust attachment as described below. As shown, the support wall 252 can have a profile that facilitates continuous interface (or direct contact) with the stent post frame 26 along the cusp of the leaflets 30-34 (FIG. 1).

The lower flange 254 can have a scallop-like profile, with a lower edge of the profile promoting increased section inertia and increased rigidity against crushing. Further, the lower flange 254 can incorporate various features that facilitate assembly of a sewing ring or cuff (not shown), for example by defining, in combination with the support wall 252, a groove 262. In other embodiments, the lower flange 254 can be omitted.

The base frame 28 can be formed from a variety of robust, biocompatible materials. In some embodiments, the base frame 28 is a single injection molded substrate (e.g., PEEK), although other materials (e.g., metal or metal alloys) and manufacturing techniques (e.g., machining) are also acceptable.

Returning to FIG. 1 and as mentioned above, the base frame 28 is, in some embodiments, enveloped by a biocompatible cloth-like fabric akin to the stent post frame covering 200 (FIG. 7). With this in mind, the stented prosthetic heart valve 20 is assembled, in some embodiments, by attaching the valve leaflet assembly 24 between the stent post frame and base frame 26, 28. For example, FIG. 9 illustrates a portion of the stented prosthetic heart valve 20 upon final construction, including one of the leaflets 30, the first cusp segment 54 a of the stent post frame 26, and a corresponding region of the base frame 28. As shown, the base frame 28 is encompassed by a cloth covering 300. The leaflet 30 is disposed between the stent post frame covering 200 and the base frame covering 300. Mounting members (e.g., sutures) 302 pass through the flange region 202 of the stent post frame covering 200, the leaflet 30, and the pre-formed holes 260 in the support wall 252 of the base frame 28. The tension of the sutures 302 effectively continuously “clamps” the leaflet 30 between the stent post frame 26 and the base frame 28. Notably, the sutures 302 are “behind” the rail 40 (i.e., the sutures 302 are not directly attached to the stent post frame 26), and thus no local demand is placed on the sutures 302 or the leaflet 30. Additional locking sutures (not shown) can be introduced to reinforce the base frame 28, thereby better ensuring that the rail 40 and the base frame 28 do not loosen relative to one another over time in a manner that might otherwise allow the leaflet cusp to begin to dilate in the radial direction. By providing the separate coverings 200, 300, clamping of the tissue leaflets 30-34 there between can be more robust in part because of the increased friction provided by the cloth of the coverings 200, 300 “biting” into the leaflets 30-34. Returning to FIGS. 1 and 2A, the gap 70 provided between the opposing legs 58 a, 58 b of each of the stent posts 52 a-52 c is sufficiently sized such that two adjacent ones of the leaflets 30-34 can be clamped between the legs 58 a-58 b as they are sutured together.

With the above construction, the desired “wishbone” bending characteristics are promoted by the manner which the cusp segments 54 a-54 c are constrained (i.e., connected to the base frame 28). If the rail 40 were considered to be encastre (rigid), there would be a considerable concentration of demand at the cusp segment center points 60 due to the rapid change in the torsion of rigidity of the system in transitioning from the freely bending stent post tips 56 a-56 c to the rigid cusp segment center points 60. By more lightly constraining the cusp segments 54 a-54 c in a manner that effectively prevents lateral deflection in the horizontal plane, the entire stent assembly 22 is active in the structural response and significantly reduces the demand on the cross-sectional shape of the rail 40. The base frame 28 applies a continuous boundary condition to the lower margins of the stent post frame 26. As a result, the stent posts 52 a-52 c experience linear deflection in response to external forces, as illustrated in FIG. 10.

The stent prosthetic heart valves and corresponding methods of manufacture of the present disclosure provide a marked improvement over previous designs. By incorporating a compound cross-sectional shape for the stent post frame rail and spatially arranging the cross-sectional shape in a desired manner along the stent post frame, the relative rigidity of the stent is controlled, and a pre-defined bending direction can be achieved. Further, attaching the valve leaflets directly to a structure of the base frame and indirectly to the stent post frame (via a separate covering) promotes robust leaflet attachment while not overtly constraining the stent post frame.

Although the present disclosure has been described with reference to preferred embodiments, workers skilled in the art will recognize that changes can be made in form and detail without departing from the spirit and scope of the present disclosure. 

What is claimed is:
 1. A stented prosthetic heart valve comprising: a stent assembly including: a stent post frame including a continuously formed rail forming a closed-curve shape defining a central longitudinal axis, the closed-curve shape including a plurality of circumferentially-spaced posts projecting from, and interposed between, cusp segments in a direction of the longitudinal axis, a stent post frame cloth covering encompassing the rail, a base frame configured to support the cusp segments of the stent post frame; a valve leaflet assembly attached to the stent assembly and including a first leaflet clamped between a first one of the cusp segments and the base frame; and a plurality of mounting members securing the first leaflet to the stent assembly, wherein each of the plurality of mounting members directly pass through the stent post frame cloth covering, the first leaflet, and the base frame, wherein the base frame includes a hub and a support wall, the support wall projecting transversely outwardly from the hub and defining a plurality of holes for receiving respective ones of the plurality of mounting members, and wherein the stent assembly further includes a base frame cloth covering encompassing the base frame.
 2. The stented prosthetic heart valve of claim 1, wherein an edge of the first leaflet is located between and contacts the stent post frame cloth covering and the base frame cloth covering.
 3. The stented prosthetic heart valve of claim 2, wherein the plurality of mounting members directly pass through the base frame cloth covering.
 4. The stented prosthetic heart valve of claim 1, wherein the mounting members are sutures.
 5. The stented prosthetic heart valve of claim 1, wherein each of the posts is defined by spaced apart leg portions extending from corresponding ones of the cusp segments and intersecting at a tip opposite the cusp segments, and further wherein the rail has a constant cross-sectional shape along at least the posts, the cross-sectional shape defining a major axis dimension greater than a minor axis dimension.
 6. The stented prosthetic heart valve of claim 5, wherein a spatial rotation of the major axis dimension along the leg portions differs from a spatial rotation of the major axis dimension along the corresponding tip.
 7. The stented prosthetic heart valve of claim 6, wherein the closed-curve shape rotates the major axis dimension in transitioning from the leg portions to the corresponding tip.
 8. The stented prosthetic heart valve of claim 7, wherein the major axis dimension along each of the leg portions is spatially rotated approximately 90 degrees relative to the major axis dimension along the corresponding tip.
 9. The stented prosthetic heart valve of claim 5, wherein the cross-sectional shape of the rail along at least the posts is rectangular.
 10. The stented prosthetic heart valve of claim 5, wherein the cross-sectional shape of the rail along at least the posts is non-circular.
 11. The stented prosthetic heart valve of claim 5, wherein the base frame interfaces with the cusp segments along a margin of attachment, and further wherein the minor axis dimension along the cusp segments is perpendicular to the margin of attachment.
 12. The stented prosthetic heart valve of claim 5, wherein the rail has the constant cross-sectional shape along an entirety of the stent post frame.
 13. The stented prosthetic heart valve of claim 5, wherein a cross-sectional shape of the rail along at least a portion of the cusp segments varies from a cross-sectional shape of the rail along the posts.
 14. The stented prosthetic heart valve of claim 1, wherein the stent post frame is a single, molded piece.
 15. The stented prosthetic heart valve of claim 1, wherein the stent post frame is a machined component. 